Business and Technology

Service Industries in Nepal

2009-12-01T21:41:00.000-08:00

Service industries in Nepal: Tourism industry, transport industry, construction industry, trade and service, financial and consultancy services are service industries in Nepal.

1. Tourism industry: Tourism industry is the most important service industry in Nepal. Tourism industry consists of tourist lodging and motel, hotel, restaurant, travel agency, skiing, gliding, water rafting, cable car complex, pony trekking, hot air ballooning, para sailing, golf course, polo, horse riding etc. Potentiality of tourism industry in Nepal is high. Tourism industry is one of the most important sources of employment.

2. Transport industry: Transport industry is another important service industry of Nepal. Transport industry plays a vital role in the development of other industries such as manufacturing, construction, tourism etc. Transport industry consists of land transport and air transport.

3. Construction industry: Road, bridge, tunnel, ropeway, flying bridge, railway, trolleybus and office, commercial and residential complex etc. are under construction industry. Construction industry consists of projects, contractors and consultants.

4. Trade and service: Trade consists of retailing, wholesaling, import and export. Service consists of banking, insurance, communication, education and sports.

5. Financial and consultancy service: Financial service consists of banking activities, financial company’s activities, insurance activities and capital market activities. And consultancy service consists of service of professionals on business and industrial sectors.

Import Substituting Industries in Nepal

2009-12-01T21:23:00.000-08:00

Import substituting industries in Nepal: Cement industry, tobacco industry, chemical industry, sugar industry and pharmaceutical industry are the main import substituting industries in Nepal.

1. Cement industries: Cement industry is import substituting industry in Nepal. Demand of Nepalese cement is higher than foreign cement in Nepalese markets. Hetauda cement industry, Udayapur cement industry, Bishwakarma cement industry, Triveni cement industry, Annapurna cement industry, Everest cement industry are the major cement industries in Nepal.

2. Tobacco industries: Tobacco industry is another import substituting industry in Nepal. Janakpur Cigarette Industry and Surya Tobacco Company are the big tobacco industries in Nepal. These tobacco industries produce different types of cigarettes.

3. Chemical industry: Chemical industry is another import substituting industry in Nepal. Chemical industry consists of soap industry, detergent industry, match industry, plastic industry and fertilizer industry.

4. Paper industry: Paper industry is also import substituting industry in Nepal. Bhrikuti paper industry is the biggest paper industry of Nepal. There are nearly 90 paper industries in Nepal.

5. Pharmaceutical industry: Pharmaceutical industry is also another import substituting industry in Nepal. There are various pharmaceutical industries in Nepal in public and private sectors.

Export oriented industries in Nepal

2009-12-01T21:06:00.000-08:00

Export oriented industries in Nepal: Carpet industries, garment industries, leather industries and handicraft industries are the major export oriented industries of Nepal.

1. Carpet industry: Carpet industry is a major export oriented industry in Nepal. It plays a vital role in generating employment and earning foreign currency. Carpet industry is fully labour incentive industry. Europe is the main market of Nepalese carpet, especially German. Nowadays this industry is suffered by many reasons, like child labour, inferior quality and so on.

2. Garment industry: Garment industry is another major export oriented industry in Nepal. America, France, German, Japan, Spain and Canada are the main markets of Nepalese garment.

3. Leather industry: Leather industry is also export oriented industry of Nepal. It is third largest export oriented industry of Nepal. Leather processing, leather goods manufacturing and footwear production are the main function of leather industry.

4. Handicraft industry: Handicraft industry is another export oriented industry in Nepal. It is traditional industry of Nepal. It plays a vital role in employment generation and overall economy of the nation. Handicraft industry includes mask, painting, thanka, woodcarving, clay, ornaments etc. America, Britain, German, Netherland, France, Japan, Singapore, China, Italy, Canada are the main markets of handicrafts products of Nepal.

Manufacturing industries in Nepal

2009-12-01T21:00:00.000-08:00

Industries which produce goods by utilizing or processing raw materials, semi processed materials, by products or waste products. There are various types of manufacturing industries in Nepal such as food and beverage industries, tobacco industries, carpet industries, rubber industries, leather industries, textile industries, footwear industries, wood industries, paper industries, electric industries, cement industries, plastic industries iron and steel industries, chemical industries and other industries.

Industrialization

2009-12-01T20:54:00.000-08:00

Extensive development of industries in a country or area is called industrialization. Nowadays, many countries in the world have been industrialized. Industries produce goods of various kinds and supply them to the consumers. Every country in the world wants to extend its industries in order to consolidate the economic status of it.

Industrialization absolutely results many advantages. The economy of the country is strengthened as the result of industrialization. Industries supply the people with many goods. People do not have to face with the lack of certain goods which they need. Industries help a country to alleviate the problem of unemployment. Various categories of skilled and well educated hands are required in the industries. Industrialization in a country certainly reduces imports and increases exports. Through exports, a country can earn foreign currency. As a result, the country becomes richer and richer. If a country is rich, it can provide its people with all the facilities, security and dignity. Therefore, industrialization develops a country rapidly.

Industrialization certainly uplifts the economic status of a country. Therefore, industrialization is required everywhere.

Networking

2009-11-13T19:32:00.000-08:00

Computer communication can be wired networks, visual fibres, or microwave radio.

1. Wired networks: Wired networks are used for connecting wire on television for showing channel. Land line telephone and dial up connection for computer are some example of it.

2. Visual fibres: Visual fibres can carry more signals than wires. They are also known as optical fibres. They are often used for linking buildings on a college campus or corporate site and increasingly for longer distances as telephone companies update their networks.

3. Microwave radio: Microwave radio also carries computer network signals, generally as part of long-distance telephone systems. Low-power microwave radio is becoming common for wireless networks within a building.

Capabilities of Computers

2009-11-07T02:20:00.000-08:00

1. Speed: The speed of the computer is very high. Though the computer does one task at a time, the speed of computer makes it appear that it does many tasks at a time.

2. Accuracy: The computers are very accurate. The computer has a tiny chip inside it which does not wear out. The chips have integrated circuits on which electric flow. The instructions should be accurate and the computer does the desired function.

3. Storage: computers can store huge number of data. Data is the relevant information given to the computer which is used for processing. The computers use hard disks which have big storage capacity.

Animation

2009-11-01T17:36:00.000-08:00

Animation is used for moving picture which is very popular in the world in this present time. Now the latest technology is using for animation. They used this technology to build real life visual effect which makes the viewer to have satisfaction. Animation is useful for various activities like making cartoon movies, making video games and other many purposes. Animation is also helpful for teaching the children by showing them important cartoon. Cartoon helps to provide necessary information to the children and adult for their daily life. It is very difficult to make animation. There is lot of effort of animator to create real animation in this present day. Animation is very difficult to create than creating movie.

Joystick

2009-10-25T00:25:00.000-07:00

Joystick is a control device used in connection with the games. The joystick looks like a box having buttons. To make joysticks, we have to know various tricks. It should be made completely exact to the movement of the hand and button to function what people want in the games. Joystick has play very important role in making the people enjoy the game.

Joystick has different types such as 2-axis and 2-button joystick, 2-axis and 4-button joystick, 3-axis and 2-button joystick, 3-axis and 4-button joystick, 6-button joystick, 6-button joystick w/POV, 6-button joystick w/POV throttle and other. Joystick is used not for game only but it is useful for wheelchairs, planes, helicopter and other machines which need controller like joystick.

Mouse

2009-10-23T04:17:00.000-07:00

Mouse is a small device to control the icon which is an arrow-like structure on the screen) on the monitor. By moving the icon, one can read disk, pull down menus, save and retrieve files, etc. Mouse is an essential device to control. By mouse, we can move icon, move windows, throw the windows and icon away and other things that we are mostly doing by our hand.

We can change mouse pointer appearance, speed and improve mouse pointer visibility in mouse properties in control panel. Mouse pointer can be made invisible in the case of typing, watching movie, playing game and other things which do not need the help of mouse pointer.

Classification of Printers

2009-10-21T00:15:00.000-07:00

1. Low speed character printers: Character printers print one character at a time. Most of the printers which produce high quality print are character printers. Character printers are used to print low volume printing jobs. Low speed character printers have been further sub-divided as:

i. Impact printer: impact printers print on the paper by hitting the inked ribbon which gives the image of characters on the paper. The paper is placed in between the linked ribbon and the carbon rod. The pins of the head hit the ribbon so that the characters are printed on the paper. Daisy wheel printer and Dot-matrix printers are the most common impact printers.

ii. Non-impact printer: Non-impact printers do not use inked ribbon and head as in dot matrix printer or daisy wheel printer. Non-impact printers are made in thermal, electrostatic, chemical or inkjet technologies.

2. Low speed page printers: Low speed printers such as laser printers are most common for personal computer output. They contain an ink toner. From there the ink passes and the images are formed by laser beam light on the paper. Laser printers give high quality printing.

3. High speed impact line printers: Most of the high speed printers print a line at a time. They may be chain printer or band printer depending on technology. From 300 to over 3,000 lines can be printed each minute depending on the printer used. Line printers are used with the mainframe computers when huge data are to be printed in little time.

4. High speed non-impact printers: A high speed printer can produce documents at speeds of over 20,000lines per minute. That is fast enough to print 700 paged thick books in about 1 minute. Each page is copiers. It is a very expensive system and it is used to print many thousand copies at the same time.

Printer

2009-10-19T00:22:00.000-07:00

A printer gives hard output on the paper. The soft output of the computer can be seen on the monitor or visual display unit. Small number of pages is printed by using small printers but huge number of pages is printed with the help of line printers. The line printers are used with mainframe computers.

Printer is very useful for different purposes of human beings. They print the important document in paper such as bio data, certificate, letter, reports, and important news in paper and so on. They record these important documents for future and other purposes. Printer makes it easy to do work properly in all kind of official and non official work.

Hard Disk

2009-10-17T00:14:00.000-07:00

Hard disks are used for storing data. Hard disks can have different capacities like 40 gigabytes hard disk, 80 gigabytes hard disk, 160 gigabytes hard disk and other hard disk which is more than 160 gigabytes hard disk and less than 40 gigabytes hard disk. Hard disk is most important part of computer because without it we cannot run the computer. Hard disk can be internal and external.

Hard disk helps to copy data from removable drive and other removable storages. Hard disk also helps to copy its data to CD, DVD and other removable drive. We can do copy and delete data in hard disks.

Monitor

2009-10-15T00:31:00.000-07:00

Monitor is the output device which is connected with the CPU. The data and instructions being given to the computer are displayed on the monitor. It is also called Visual Display Unit (VDU). It is like a TV screen which displays the characters and it has a cathode ray tube (CRT).

All monitors are not of same type. There are various types of monitors classified on the basis of resolution and size. Monitors have small, medium and large resolution depending on the size. The monitors need an interface card to control and send data from the CPU.

Business Insurance

2009-10-13T00:46:00.000-07:00

Business insurance is the insurance which protects business of business owner in many ways. Business insurance is used for building and coverage form which short form is BPP. BPP helps to allow business owner to cover the fixtures, buildings, equipment and machinery. Furthermore, it also covers personal property used in business and the personal property of others for which the business owner is responsible. There are so many examples to insure by business insurance such as valuable papers and records, property on newly acquired premises, property temporarily off the business premises, and outdoor property such as fences, antennas, and signs.

Nanotechnology

2009-10-11T02:41:00.000-07:00

Nanotechnology may make it easier to build lighter and stronger materials that needed less power to produce than conventional materials. Nanotechnology produces less waste than with conventional manufacturing. Nanotechnology provides greater fuel efficiency for aircraft, ships, land transportation and space vehicles. Nanotechnology helps people for curing various diseases such as blood cancer, skin cancer and other diseases which cannot be cured by the medicine and operation. Nanotechnology is helpful for making the people live in healthier and safer. Nanotechnology may make it possible to maintain good environment for all living beings because it uses less power than conventional materials.

Internet

2009-10-09T00:17:00.000-07:00

Internet is a type of communication which connects people and provides important and knowledgeous information around the world. Internet provides almost all kind of information which is needed by every individual in the world. Internet is so useful communication now a day because we can do any kind of communication by internet such as written communication, oral communication, chatting, news can be read in internet, video chatting and other which can be done so easily by internet.

Internet is worldwide communication. Internet makes easy to connect people of any place and location. Internet also provides various kind of opportunity to the people. They can post anything they like in the internet and they can share it to their friends and relatives.

Operating Systems

2009-10-04T23:04:00.000-07:00

Operating systems is used for managing and controlling various devices such as memory or ram, processor, motherboard, hard disk, power supply, graphic card, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer and other devices which important for different purposes.

Operating systems is so useful software that helps in our daily work in office, home and other places. We can do many necessary activities in computer by using different operating systems given below:

Linux
Microsoft Corporation: Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP (Service Pack 1, 2 and 3), Windows Vista (Service Pack 1 and 2) and Windows 7
Apple Computer: Mac OS X, Mac OS X v10.0, Mac OS X v10.1, Mac OS X v10.2, Mac OS X v10.3, Mac OS X v10.4, Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard" and Mac OS X v10.6 "Snow Leopard"

Business software

2009-10-02T22:57:00.000-07:00

Business software is the software to handle large amounts of data but relatively little computation. Business software includes word processors, spreadsheets, database programs, and tools for designing public presentations. A spreadsheet is a type of accounting program. It is not only holds tables of data but also defines relationships among their rows and columns. A database is an organized collection of data, or records. Such software is often integrated so that a database report or spreadsheet table can be added to a document composed with a word processor, frequently with illustrative graphs. Today even the most trivial data can effortlessly be glorified by presenting it in a polychromatic bar chart with three-dimensional shading.

Business Customers

2009-09-29T00:14:00.001-07:00

Business customers are also known as industrial customers. Business customers purchase products or services to use in the production of other products. Such industries include agriculture, manufacturing, construction, transportation, and communication, among others. They differ from consumer markets in several respects. Because the customers are organizations, the market tends to have fewer and larger buyers than consumer markets. This often results in closer buyer-seller relationships, because those who operate in a market must depend more significantly on one another for supply and revenue. Business customers also are more concentrated; for instance, in the United States more than half of the country's business buyers are concentrated in only seven states. Demand for business goods is derived demand, which means it is driven by a demand for consumer goods. Therefore, demand for business goods is more volatile, because variations in consumer demand can have a significant impact on business-goods demand. Business markets are also distinctive in that buyers are professional purchasers who are highly skilled in negotiating contracts and maximizing efficiency. In addition, several individuals within the business usually have direct or indirect influence on the purchasing process.

The Aeroplane

2009-09-28T01:05:00.001-07:00

The aeroplane is a modern means of transport. It is also called airplane or plane any of a class of fixed-wing aircraft that is heavier than air, propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. It was invented by two American brothers in 1903. The invention of the aeroplane made a revolution in the field of transportation. Rich countries have their own place manufacturing companies. Poor countries buy planes from them.

We can have many advantages from the planes. We can travel long distance quickly and easily by aeroplanes because they are the fastest means of travelling. They can carry people and good from one place to another. To make roads in the hilly areas is slow and very expensive, but air facilities can be provided to these areas easily and quickly. Very remote areas can be linked with the big cities by the air services. Aeroplanes are highly useful in rescue operations when people are victimized in the accidents and natural calamities. Aeroplanes can strengthen national unity by bringing different parts of the country in close contact.

The Radio

2009-09-27T00:47:00.000-07:00

The radio can be defined as the process of sending and receiving messages, etc. by electromagnetic waves without connecting a wire. It refers to a device which broadcasts messages, news, notices, songs etc. by means of electromagnetic waves. The radio is the cheapest and most common means used for getting knowledge, information and entertainment. It was invented by an Italian scientist Marconi in 1902. Nowadays too, it is widely used all over the world.

The radio is very useful for us. It gives us news quickly. We can learn what is happened in the world by listening to the radio. Everybody wants to have a radio set. It quickly broadcast national and international news. Thus it keeps us in touch with all the parts of the world. Radio stations broadcast different types of programmes. We can listen to the weather report. Similarly many knowledgeous programmes are broadcast through radios. The programmes related to health, food, physical exercise, language, religion, philosophy etc. are knowledgeous for everyone.

Nowadays radio sets are widely used. Many FM radio stations have been established. They are also useful and beneficial. We should not listen to less useful programmes. We have to use our radios properly.

Laser Technology

2009-09-26T00:26:00.000-07:00

Technology has provided us numerous miraculous discoveries and devices. Lasers are its most modern achievements. Lasers are defined as the devices which produce pure and intense beams of light or radiation.

Lasers are widely used in the field of industry. They are used in cutting clothes, piercing leather and even hard substances like diamond and metals, and cutting bricks and granite. Similarly, they are also used in welding. They can also be used in transport and communication: for example, they are used instead of cables in telecommunication, and they are used in flight simulations to train pilots. Thus lasers are enormously used in the field of industry, transport and communication.

In the field of medicine, lasers have made a revolution. Lasers are used to destroy the single cell of living tissues in the treatment of cancer. Doctors have been using lasers instead of surgical knives in major operations. Lasers can help us in pollution control. They are useful for measuring the size of pollutant particles in the air. They can also be used for measuring the distance between two objects, such as between the moon and the earth. Thus they are used in the field of medicine, pollution control and measurement.

Business Law

2009-09-25T00:58:00.000-07:00

Business law is law provided to the persons in commercial matters by the government. Sole trader is working with his own power and taking all risk and earning all profit by himself without forming any association in law. But in partnership, all members are associated in law for business since they all bear same risk and earn equal profit together.

A person who is worked to build contractual relations with third parties and various forms of agency which is regulated by law is called an agent. An agent has authority to show his knowledge and skill in all business but he has got only limited powers.

Business Finance

2009-09-24T00:02:00.000-07:00

Finance is a very important factor for business. Finance manager should identify the proper sources of finance and must make ideal financial structure so as to get success. In small firms, the owner-manager usually conducts the financial operations. Much of the day-to-day work of business finance is conducted by lower-level staff; their work includes handling cash receipts and disbursements, borrowing from commercial banks on a regular and continuing basis, and formulating cash budgets.

Financial decisions affect both the profitability and the risk of a firm's operations. An increase in cash holdings, for instance, reduces risk; but, because cash is not an earning asset, converting other types of assets to cash reduces the firm's profitability. Similarly, the use of additional debt can raise the profitability of a firm (because it is expanding its business with borrowed money), but more debt means more risk. Striking a balance—between risk and profitability—that will maintain the long-term value of a firm's securities is the task of finance.

Business Planning

2009-09-23T04:11:00.000-07:00

Business planning is the planning to commence the business, setting foals and choosing the actions to achieve those goals. It is a technique of looking ahead. It is an analytical thought which covers assessment of future; determination of objects and goals of future; development of alternatives and selection of the best course of action among these alternatives.

It is the framework of future activities. It must be simple, concise and flexible. Main objective of business planning is to manage the future activities in proper way. It is an intellectual task. Business planning helps to set the objectives and also deviation can be found which helps to evaluate the activities of business.

Business Marketing

2009-09-22T00:38:00.000-07:00

Marketing is very important component. Marketing depends upon the marketable products, advertisement, and goodwill of business, activities and function which also called business marketing. Production of marketable product is possible if organization produces the goods after investigation and search. Some of the major industries that comprise the business market are construction, manufacturing, mining, transportation, public utilities, communications, and distribution. One of the key points that differentiate business from consumer marketing is the magnitude of the transactions.

Importance of Bank

2009-09-21T02:08:00.000-07:00

1. Formation of capital: Capital formation is the act of optimum utilization of limited capital for the development of country. Bank accepts the deposit to the unutilized money remained with the public and mobilizes it in the productive sector of country finding out the investment areas.

2. Mobilization of capital: It mobilizes the capital in the industrial, commercial, agricultural and service organizations which was collected under different accounts. It also performs the function of transferring money from one place to another.

3. Provides Loan: It provides loan to the persons and organizations against or without the security deposit of assets. Various banks have launched various procedures for providing loans.

4. Promotes Saving: Bank provides various type of facilities to the public who have deposited their money into the bank so it promotes saving. It also provides interest on deposit.

5. Performs exchange functions: Bank issues coins, paper notes and credit instruments as per the need of country for the exchange purpose. It also exchanges foreign currency as per the need and demand of country.

Buy a computer

2009-09-20T01:21:00.000-07:00

Computer is mostly needed for all people in this modern society. In my view, computer can be defined as the system that can store many important documents and also it can display that document in the screen called monitor with the help of various software. If you like to buy a computer for different purpose then follow the following points:

For business, you need to buy laptop rather than the desktop. Since it can be moved anywhere you like and it does not take more space too.
For gaming purpose, you need to buy a computer with faster processor, ram more than 1 GB, graphic card which is needed for latest game and a LCD monitor. Desktop computer is better than laptop for gaming computer.
For education, you need to buy normal computer which includes lot of important software for education like Britannica, Microsoft Office, Pocket Oxford Dictionary and other software.

Types of Communication

2009-09-19T00:25:00.000-07:00

1. Formal Communication: It is the type of communication which refers to communication that flow the official chain of command. It can be written or oral, downward or upward. Official letter, notice, news, reports, circular are the example of formal communication.

2. Informal communication: Another important type of communication is informal communication. It is organizational communication that is not defined by the organizational structural hierarchy. It consist grapevine rumors and non-verbal communication.

3. Interpersonal communication: It is another important type of communication. It is two-way communication system. It consists of oral and written communication.

4. Non-verbal communication: It is also important type of communication. In this communication word is not used to transmit meaning.

Functions of Commercial Bank

2009-09-17T21:06:00.000-07:00

1. Accepting Deposits: Banks accepts deposits in different types of accounts. They are as follows:-

Current Deposits
Saving Deposits
Fixed Deposits

2. Loan Services: Banks Provide loan services to its customers and also perform the functions of advancing loans. Loans provided by banks are as follows:-

Direct Loan i.e. with collateral
Short term Loan
Discounting Bills of Exchange
Cash Credit

3. Agency Service: Following agency services are provided by the commercial banks:-

Issue of L/C, bank draft, travelers cheques etc
Remittance of money
Collection of cheques
Acting as executors
Keeping valuable articles in safe custody

4. Miscellaneous Services: Commercials banks also provide following miscellaneous services. They are as follows:-

Furnishing of guarantee on behalf of customers
Underwriting of capital issues
Payment of cheques, bills promissory notes
Receipt of payments
Deals with transactions of foreign exchange business
Price stability

Meaning of Commercial Bank

2009-09-16T23:35:00.000-07:00

Commercial banks are very important banks because they are directly related with the people and institutions. According to Black’s Law Dictionary “commercial Bank” means a bank authorized to receive both demand and time deposits, to engage in trust service, to issue letter of credit, to rent time deposits boxes, and to provide similar services. Likewise, section 2(a) of the Commercial Bank Act 2031(1974) has defined that “Commercial Bank” means a bank which operates currency exchanges transactions, accept deposits, provides loan, and performs dealings, relating to commerce except the banks which have been specified for the cooperatives, agriculture, industry of similar other specific objectives. After the introduction of Commercial Bank Act 2031(1974), many commercial banks are opened in the joint investment. The commercial banks start competing against each other. According to the American Institute of Banking definition, “Commercial bank is a corporation which accepts demand deposits, subject to check & makes short-term loan to business enterprise regarding of the scope of its other services.”

Process of Communication

2009-09-16T00:01:00.000-07:00

1. Message: The things, feelings, concept which a giver wants to give as the information are to be determined at first; it is not possible to send information without determination of message.

2. Encoding the message: After the determination of message, such message is to be understand the use of symbols.

3. Transmission of message: Act of sending message by the use of telegram, letter, telephone, television etc.

4. Decoding: Act of translating the codes into understandable language is known as decoding.

5. Receiving: Communication becomes successful if receiver receives and understands the message given by the sender. Process of communication will not be completed until and unless receiver understands the message in the same way in which sender sends.

6. Feedback: Due to various reasons communication barriers take place. Thus, to make effective communication feedback is to be collected and communication system is to be improved as per the received feedback.

7. Noise: Barriers or obstacles in communication known as noise. It causes from external environment. Noise brings reduction in effectiveness of communication.

Definition of Communication

2009-09-15T23:59:00.000-07:00

Communication takes place when one mind so acts upon its environment that another mind is influenced, and in that other mind an experience occurs which is like the experience in the first mind, and is caused in part by that experience. In simple words, Communication can be defined as transfer of information from one place to another with the help of TV, radio, telephone, internet and newspaper.

Communication needs at least two parties. First is the giver and second is receiver. Receiver must understand in the same meaning in which sender communicates information. Communication is a process of exchanging ideas, information etc. between two parties.

In conclusion, Communication is an important function of management. It exchanges feelings, ideas, views and experiences. Management cannot perform any work without effective communication. At least two parties are needed for communication. Communication may be formal and informal.

Types of Business (Industries)

2009-09-15T00:04:00.000-07:00

There are two types of business (industries):

1. Big business (industries)

2. Small business (industries): Small business also categories in three parts. They are:

i. Cottage industries: Traditional cottage industries are the back bone to the country's tradition, art and culture contributing to national economy. These industries are labor intensive and utilize indigenous technology and raw materials.

ii. Small industries: Small scales industries donate exceed the fixed assets amounting to NRs. 30 million and are net traditional cottage industries.

iii. Micro industries: As micro industries are not defined by any law. The definition of FNCSI "An enterprise with fixed capital not exceeding NRs 200,000 and mainly working at local slave based on local raw materials and skills. Further their electric power consumption is less than 1 H.P. (Horse Power)"

Small Business

2009-09-14T01:43:00.000-07:00

Small business is an organization. It is engaged in production and marketing. There are various types of activities that can be done under small business. Such as manufacturing, services, construction, transport and trade. It is everywhere.

The small businesses are owned, established and managed to attain persona objectives. The business is an extension of the owner's need objectives and I personality. The business growth is not a primary objective.

The main aim is to continue operation over a long period of time which have such types of characteristics of a small business are:

Management independence
Closely held ownership
Local operation
Small size

Function of Bank

2009-09-12T23:09:00.000-07:00

The main Function of bank is to collect money and invest that collected money to different sectors. The functions of banks are to deal in money exchange, accepting deposits, advancing loans and other commercial transactions. These all functions are very essentials for any bank to develop.

THE MODERN BANKING FUNTION

Insurance Function
Credit Function
Brokerage Function
Trust Function
Payment Function
Investment Function
Cash Management Function
Thrift or Saving Function
Investment Banking Underwriting Function

Television

2009-09-11T23:49:00.001-07:00

Television is the electronic delivery of moving images and sound from a source to a receiver. In other words, it is a modern means of entertainment and communication. By extending the senses of vision and hearing beyond the limits of physical distance, television has had a considerable influence on society. It was invented by John Logic Baird in 1926. It is one of the miraculous invention of science and technology. Nowadays the television is widely used by people and also knowledgeous for people all over the world.

In the field of education, it can be used as one of the audio-visual aids. We can make a good collection of different events, program etc. The children who are very small can be easily motivated if they can see visual images and sounds together.

Bank

2009-09-11T23:43:00.000-07:00

A bank is an institute which deals with money and credit. A bank is an institution involved in monetary transactions. An institution which will play a role of intermediary, which will collects money and that collected money will be invested to other specialized sectors or countries .Bank is an institution which must be established as legally organized institution by common people for saving their money and get guarantee to buy security.

Bank plays an important role in developing any country. Hence, bank as the financial institution has become one of the financial institutions has become one of the bases for measuring level of economic development of the nation. They are the main financial institution which collects and utilizes financial resources of their own and others in a profitable and beneficial way. They help to accelerate common people’s economic welfare and facilitate to make available loan to agricultural, industrial and commercial sectors and to provide banking services to public and the state.

Business

2009-09-11T01:26:00.001-07:00

In simple concept business means being busy in any short of work that gives something in return. Some people think of their jobs, other think of the merchant, they help as consumer and still other think of the millions of firm that make up the world's economy. This broad all inclusive term can be applied to many kinds of enterprise. Business provides the sick of employment opportunities as well as the product that people enjoy.

In Ancient age people fulfill their all kinds of desire themselves. Because of number of the people were few at that time. So demand also few. As the time passage away a number of people also increase. So they are unable to fulfill their desire. To fulfill their needs and wants they have to depend on other people. Then barter system was started, at that time they exchange goods for goods to fulfill their needs and wants. The barter system became difficult in application. So time gave birth of money. Today's money is the king of business. Money has great contribution in business world. Now a day we know that business means exchange of goods and services with money. The term business denoted activities related to trade, profession, occupation and industry carried out to make profit.

Electricity

2009-09-10T20:59:00.000-07:00

Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is both a basic part of nature and one of our most widely used forms of energy. Electricity is one of the most useful gifts of science. It can b generated with the help of water power, wind power, it is called hydro-electricity. Electricity can be static and current. The electricity that cannot be transferred from one object to another is called static, and current electricity can be transferred. We use current electricity.

Electricity is widely used for various purposes. It is used for light, heat and power. We use it at our homes for lightening, to cook our foods, operate our T.V. or computer or fridge etc. it is also used to heat our houses in winter and operate the machines of various categories like electric fans, fridges, air-coolers, air conditioners and so on.

We can conclude that electricity is widely used but we must use it properly. It can be made cheaply using water power and can be carried anywhere by power lines. It is used to heat and light our homes, cook food and drive machinery of all kinds. Modern era smiles due to the proper use of electricity.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Computer

2009-09-01T20:27:00.000-07:00

Advantage and Disadvantage of Computer:

1. Advantage:

Computer is like basic need for people.
Computer helps us to gain knowledge and skill on the field of education, communication, economic, politic and so on.
Computer makes easy to know the condition of the country.
Computer provides various types of service and facility.
Computer also helps to have entertainment.
Computer is helpful for providing knowledgeous programs.

2. Disadvantage:

Computer has negative effect to the children since they are using more time in computer for entertainment which affect their mental behavior.
Computer also affects physical energy of the people by becoming lazy.
Computer is also used by terrorist for different bad purposes.
Computer making industries are also affecting the environment.

Classification of Computer

2009-09-01T20:13:00.000-07:00

Computer can be classified into three category. They are:

1. On the basis of work: The computers may be made for different purposed. Since they have been made be different purposes, the computers have different functions. On the basis of work, it is classified as:

Analog Computer
Digital Computer
Hybrid Computer

2. On the basis of Size: Computer can be classified on the basis of size. The computer size is large, medium and small according to the need of people.

Super Computer
Mainframe Computer
Mini Computer
Micro Computer

3. On the basis of Brand: Computer can be classified on the basis of Brand such as IBM PC, IBM Compatible and Apple.

Function of Computer

2009-08-31T20:48:00.000-07:00

We know that computer is needed almost every person in the world. Computers play very important role to develop knowledgeous activities and skill of human beings to develop and protect the world. So there are various importance function like:

1. Gather data: First function of computer is to gather data before it can process the data. It can be done by manually, automatically or a combination of both.

2. Process data: Second function of computer is to process data. There are other system, subsystems, and equipment that will work with the computer to help gather, store, disseminate, and display data; but processing the data is exclusively the computer's function. CPU which full form is central processing unit play important role in the processing of data.

3. Store data: It is the third function of computer which helps to store data either internally or externally.

Type of Computer

2009-08-31T20:15:00.000-07:00

1. Personal Computer or Microcomputer: Personal Computer or Microcomputer is the type of computer which is used by people personally. Microcomputer is made to be utilized by individual. Personal computer is useful for various purposes such as playing games, listening music, watching videos, editing music and videos, learning typing, writing article and other many work can be done in personal computer.

2. Workstation and Server Computer: This type of computer can be defined as the creation of fast and speed computer needed to develop various type of project which may be large and small. Workstation and server computer is needed if we are creating 3D games and graphic and other software can be build in workstation and server computer. Workstation and Server Computer is more powerful and speeder than the personal computer.

Introduction of Computer

2009-08-30T20:42:00.000-07:00

Computer can be defined as electronic machine which give various type of knowledge and information about education, economic, health and so on. There is also much type of hardware and software which helps to operate computer.

First of all, hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the processing unit. A computer's hardware is comprised of many different parts, but perhaps the most important of these is the motherboard.

Secondly, software, commonly known as programs, consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task. For example, a program that is designed for the windows operating system will only work for that operating system. Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes:

System software: Helps run computer hardware and computer system. Computer software includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools and more.
Programming software: Software that assists a programmer in writing computer programs.
Application software: Allows users to accomplish one or more tasks.

In conclusion, we can say that computer is like basic need for human beings. We can see that there are computers almost everywhere in the developed and developing country. So we need to advance the computer in future.